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Updated: Dec 12, 2025

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The peripartum human brain: Current understanding and future perspectives.

Julia Sacher1, Natalia Chechko2, Udo Dannlowski3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Emotion Neuroimaging Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 16, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
|August 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary

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Peripartum depression is underdiagnosed despite hormonal shifts affecting the maternal brain. This review explores neuroimaging findings on brain changes and risk factors to improve diagnosis and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • The peripartum period involves significant hormonal fluctuations impacting the maternal brain and behavior.
  • Peripartum depression is frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated, posing risks to mother and infant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review neuroimaging findings on maternal brain neuroplasticity during pregnancy and postpartum.
  • To provide an overview of neuroimaging models for peripartum depression, focusing on hormone withdrawal, monoaminergic signaling, and neuroplasticity.
  • To discuss integrating psychosocial and neurobiological risk factors for individual vulnerability.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent multimodal neuroimaging studies.
  • Analysis of models for peripartum depression.
Keywords:
Female mental healthMRNeuroimagingPETPeripartum depressionReproductive psychiatry

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  • Discussion of risk factor integration and systematic neuroimaging approaches.

    • Main Results:

    • Neuroimaging reveals neuroplastic changes in the maternal brain during the peripartum period.
    • Hormone withdrawal, altered monoaminergic signaling, and maladaptive neuroplasticity are implicated in peripartum depression.
    • Integrating psychosocial and neurobiological factors is crucial for understanding vulnerability.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding peripartum brain changes through neuroimaging is vital for addressing peripartum depression.
    • A systematic neuroimaging approach, considering comorbidities and onset variations, is needed.
    • Improved understanding can lead to better diagnosis and treatment, reducing risks to mother and infant.