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Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

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Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...

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Gold Nanorod-assisted Optical Stimulation of Neuronal Cells

Gold Nanorod-assisted Optical Stimulation of Neuronal Cells

Published on: April 27, 2015

Light triggering goldsomes enable local NO-generation and alleviate pathological vasoconstriction.

I-Ju Lee¹, Po-Tsung Kao², Shao-An Hung¹

¹Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.

Nanomedicine : Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine

|August 11, 2020

Summary

This study introduces a novel "goldsome" nanoparticle for targeted nitric oxide (NO) delivery. This innovation allows for localized NO release upon light stimulation, overcoming systemic toxicity concerns associated with traditional NO therapies.

Keywords:

Hypoxia Intravascular optical catheter Nitric oxide Vasoconstriction Zebrafish

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Nanotechnology
Pharmacology

Background:

Nitric oxide (NO) is crucial for vasodilation but systemic administration poses toxicity risks.
Developing localized NO delivery systems is essential for safe and effective therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel nanoparticle system for light-triggered, localized nitric oxide (NO) generation.
To overcome the limitations of systemic NO administration, such as toxicity.

Main Methods:

A "goldsome" nanoparticle was engineered using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymersomes encapsulating S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs).
Photothermal heating triggered polymersome breakdown and NO release via GSNO and Au NP interaction.
Localized NO generation was achieved using photo-illumination in zebrafish models and tested with a clinical intravascular optical catheter.

Main Results:

Photo-illumination induced localized NO generation and cerebral vasodilation in zebrafish.
The system effectively mitigated hypoxia-induced cerebral vasoconstriction with minimal off-target effects.
Successful demonstration of photo-stimulated NO generation using a clinical intravascular optical catheter.

Conclusions:

The "goldsome" nanoparticle enables precise, light-activated NO release for targeted vasodilation.
This technology offers a promising strategy to enhance NO-based therapies while avoiding systemic toxicity.
The potential for delivery via clinical intravascular optical catheters highlights its translational value.