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Significant decrease of lightning activities during COVID-19 lockdown period over Kolkata megacity in India.

Indrajit Chowdhuri¹, Subodh Chandra Pal¹, Asish Saha¹

¹Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.

The Science of the Total Environment

|August 11, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The COVID-19 lockdown significantly reduced air pollution in Kolkata, leading to a decrease in lightning activity. This study highlights the strong link between reduced particulate matter (PM10) and aerosol concentration and fewer lightning flashes.

Keywords:

Air pollutant COVID-19 Lightning Lockdown Thunderstorm

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Area of Science:

Atmospheric Science
Environmental Science
Meteorology

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated global lockdowns, significantly impacting human activities and environmental conditions.
Social distancing measures were implemented worldwide to curb the spread of the virus, leading to unprecedented reductions in industrial and vehicular emissions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on air pollutant levels in Kolkata, a major tropical urban center.
To analyze the relationship between air pollutants (PM10, NO2, SO2, O3, AC) and pre-monsoon lightning activity during the lockdown period.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of air pollutant concentrations (PM10, NO2, SO2, O3, AC) before and during the strict COVID-19 lockdown in Kolkata.
Statistical analysis of cloud-to-ground and inter-cloud lightning data during pre-monsoon periods (April-May) of 2019 and 2020.
Correlation analysis (R-squared values) to determine the relationship between specific air pollutants and lightning activity.

Main Results:

Air pollutant levels, including PM10, NO2, SO2, O3, and AC, decreased by over 40% in Kolkata during the lockdown.
A significant reduction of 49.16% in pre-monsoon lightning strikes was observed in 2020 compared to the 2010-2019 average.
While the positive correlation between air pollutants and lightning persisted, it showed a slight decrease in strength during the lockdown period, with PM10 and AC identified as key influencing pollutants.

Conclusions:

The reduction in surface pollution during the COVID-19 lockdown strongly correlated with a decrease in lightning activity in Kolkata.
Particulate matter (PM10) and Aerosol Concentration (AC) were identified as the primary pollutants influencing lightning occurrence in this urban megacity.
Environmental policy changes, such as lockdowns, can have a measurable impact on atmospheric phenomena like lightning, underscoring the connection between anthropogenic emissions and weather patterns.