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Targeting Long Non-coding RNA to Therapeutically Regulate Gene Expression in Cancer
Da Fu1, Yi Shi2, Ji-Bin Liu3
1Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230012, China; Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China; Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
Abstract:
Long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules with a length greater than 200 nt and no function of encoding proteins. lncRNAs play a precise regulatory function at different levels of transcription and post-transcription, and they interact with various regulatory factors to regulate gene expression, and then participate in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and other life processes. In recent years, studies have shown that the abnormal expression of lncRNAs is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors, which is expected to become an effective biomarker in tumor diagnosis. The sequencing analysis of mutations in the whole tumor genome suggests that mutations in non-coding regions may play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Therefore, in-depth study of lncRNAs is helpful to clarify the molecular mechanism of tumor occurrence and development and to provide new targets for tumor diagnosis and treatment. This review introduces the molecular mechanism and clinical application prospect of lncRNAs affecting tumor development from the perspective of gene expression and regulation.
Insights
Long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression and cell processes. Abnormal lncRNA expression is linked to cancer, offering potential for new diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules >200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins.
- lncRNAs regulate gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, influencing cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.
- Aberrant lncRNA expression is increasingly associated with tumor development and progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in tumor development.
- To explore the clinical application prospects of lncRNAs as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on lncRNA function and cancer.
- Analysis of sequencing data implicating non-coding region mutations in tumorigenesis.
- Examination of lncRNA roles in gene expression regulation.
Main Results:
- lncRNAs are crucial regulators of cellular processes relevant to cancer.
- Mutations in non-coding regions, including lncRNAs, may drive tumor initiation and progression.
- lncRNAs show promise as effective biomarkers for tumor diagnosis.
Conclusions:
- Understanding lncRNA mechanisms is vital for clarifying tumor development.
- lncRNAs represent promising novel targets for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
- Further research into lncRNAs can advance precision oncology.
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