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Mutagenic activity of some textile dyes in different test systems
B Przybojewska1, B Barański, E Spiechowicz
1Department of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lódź, Poland.
Toxicology Letters
|February 1, 1988
Summary
Three textile dyes were tested for mutagenicity. Direct Black 19:1, Direct Red 81, and Acid Blue 62 showed mutagenic effects in mice, while only Direct Black 19:1 was an indirect mutagen in bacterial tests.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology
- Genetics
- Environmental Health
Background:
- Textile dyes are widely used globally.
- Assessing the genotoxicity of industrial chemicals is crucial for public health and environmental safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the mutagenic potential of three common textile dyes: Direct Black 19:1, Direct Red 81, and Acid Blue 62.
- To determine if these dyes induce genetic mutations in mammalian cells and bacteria.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the Salmonella/microsome mammalian test (Ames test) to assess bacterial reverse mutation.
- Employed the micronucleus test in mice to detect chromosomal damage.
- Conducted the dominant lethal test in mice to evaluate germ cell mutations.
Main Results:
- Direct Black 19:1, Direct Red 81, and Acid Blue 62 increased the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in mouse bone marrow, indicating genotoxicity.
- Direct Black 19:1 demonstrated mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1538 and TA 98, classifying it as an indirect mutagen.
- None of the tested dyes induced dominant lethal mutations in the germ cells of male mice.
Conclusions:
- Direct Black 19:1, Direct Red 81, and Acid Blue 62 possess mutagenic properties, posing potential risks associated with textile industry use.
- Direct Black 19:1 exhibits both mammalian genotoxicity and bacterial mutagenicity.
- Further research into the long-term effects and safe handling of these dyes is warranted.