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Related Concept Videos

Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

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If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
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Diversity of Archaea IV01:29

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Hyperthermophilic archaea are a group of extremophiles thriving at temperatures above 80°C, often in hydrothermal vents and volcanic soils where conditions surpass the boiling point of water. At such temperatures, proteins, membranes, and DNA in most organisms degrade, but hyperthermophiles have evolved remarkable adaptations to maintain stability and function.Unique Cellular FeaturesHyperthermophilic membranes are composed of a monolayer of biphytanyl tetraether lipids, which resist...
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Hyperthermophilic Bacteria01:21

Hyperthermophilic Bacteria

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Domain Bacteria includes some unique hyperthermophilic species. They exhibit remarkable adaptations that enable survival in extreme environments.Thermotoga species are rod-shaped, gram-negative, non-sporulating hyperthermophiles that form a sheath-like envelope called a toga. They ferment sugars or starch, producing lactate, acetate, CO₂, and H₂, and can also grow via anaerobic respiration using H₂ and ferric iron. Found in hot springs and hydrothermal vents, over 20% of their...
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Residual Stresses01:26

Residual Stresses

466
Residual stresses reside in a structure even after removing the original stress inducer. This phenomenon often arises from varied plastic deformations across different parts of a structure. Consider a rod stretched beyond its yield point. It will not regain its original length due to permanent deformation. Even after load removal, the rod does not entirely lose stress because of uneven plastic deformations, resulting in residual stresses. The computation of these stresses in structures is...
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Thermal Strain01:19

Thermal Strain

2.7K
Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
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Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Experimental Multiscale Methodology for Predicting Material Fouling Resistance
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Thermal stress inside a disabled submarine.

Sourabh Bhutani1, Imran Khan2, Abdul Nasser3

  • 1Classified Specialist (Marine Medicine), Integrated Headquarters of MOD (Navy), Sena Bhawan, New Delhi, India.

Medical Journal, Armed Forces India
|August 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Submarine crews can survive a disabled submarine (DISSUB) situation if thermal stress is managed. This simulation showed rising temperatures and humidity negatively impacted crew well-being and performance.

Keywords:
Heat exhaustionHeat stress disordersMilitary MedicineOccupational HealthSubmarine Medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Naval operations
  • Human physiology
  • Environmental engineering

Background:

  • Submarine operations demand strict safety protocols; accidents can be catastrophic.
  • A disabled submarine (DISSUB) requires crew survival inside, maintaining habitability and consuming emergency supplies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To simulate a DISSUB scenario and assess crew survival conditions.
  • To evaluate the impact of a power and ventilation failure on the submarine microclimate.

Main Methods:

  • A 24-hour simulation involving 80 crew members in a submarine.
  • Simulated a DISSUB scenario with no power or ventilation.

Main Results:

  • Compartment temperature increased from 29.33°C to 33.5°C over 24 hours.
  • Relative humidity rose from 79% to 87.67%.
  • Crew consumed an average of 973 kcal rations and 500 ml water per person.

Conclusions:

  • Submarine crews can survive DISSUB if thermal stress is mitigated.
  • The simulation highlighted significant thermal stress effects on crew.
  • Further research is needed to address thermal stress for prolonged survival.