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A comprehensive framework for considering additional unintended consequences in economic evaluation.

Liv Nymark1, Anna Vassall1,2

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This study introduces a framework for economic evaluations to identify unintended consequences beyond direct health impacts. It aims to improve consistency in cost-effectiveness analysis by considering broader societal and provider perspectives.

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ConsequencesCost-effectiveness analysisExternalityGuidelinesIndirect effectsInternality

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Area of Science:

  • Health Economics
  • Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
  • Mathematical Modeling

Background:

  • Growing use of economic evaluations incorporating indirect health benefits.
  • Guidelines suggest including non-health direct and indirect consequences.
  • Need to integrate literature on internalities and externalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Propose a comprehensive approach for identifying unintended consequences in economic evaluations.
  • Assist analysts in characterizing costs and effects beyond direct health impacts.
  • Support the inclusion of non-health consequences in evaluations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a framework to identify and characterize additional costs and effects.
  • Built upon existing checklists for comprehensive analysis.
  • Illustrated the framework using examples from immunization studies.

Main Results:

  • Presented a comprehensive framework for considering additional consequences.
  • Categorized and exemplified various types of unintended consequences.
  • Provided guidance for analysts from provider and societal perspectives.

Conclusions:

  • Acknowledged challenges in standardizing the inclusion of additional consequences.
  • Advocated for reporting against a comprehensive framework for consistency.
  • Aimed to enhance cost-effectiveness analysis by considering broader effects.