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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer
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Immunotherapy in Gastrointestinal Cancers.

Melanie Güthle1, Thomas Ettrich1, Thomas Seufferlein1

  • 1Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

Visceral Medicine
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PubMed
Summary

Immunotherapy shows moderate success in treating gastrointestinal cancers, with specific subgroups like DNA mismatch repair-deficient tumors benefiting most from immune checkpoint inhibitors. New approaches are under investigation.

Keywords:
CTLA-4Gastrointestinal cancerImmunotherapyMSIPD-1

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Gastrointestinal malignancies present significant incidence and mortality rates.
  • Immunotherapy is an increasingly established treatment modality for gastrointestinal cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of immunotherapies for gastrointestinal cancers.
  • To focus on recent studies of immune checkpoint inhibition in metastatic carcinomas of the esophagus, stomach, hepato-pancreatico-biliary system, and colorectum.
  • To discuss limitations and future directions in gastrointestinal cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on immunotherapies.
  • Focus on immune checkpoint inhibition.
  • Exploration of novel approaches such as CAR T-cell therapy and oncolytic viruses.

Main Results:

  • Gastrointestinal cancers exhibit moderate response rates to immunotherapy overall.
  • Subgroups, including DNA mismatch repair-deficient or microsatellite-instable tumors, show particular benefit from immune checkpoint blockade.
  • Achievements and limitations of current immunotherapies are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy offers a promising avenue for gastrointestinal cancer treatment, especially for specific molecular subtypes.
  • Continued research and development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies are crucial.
  • Further studies are ongoing to optimize treatment efficacy and expand patient benefit.