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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers
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Classifying dementia progression using microbial profiling of saliva.

Praveen Bathini1, Sandrine Foucras2, Isabelle Dupanloup3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Unit of Pathology University of Fribourg Fribourg Switzerland.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|August 11, 2020
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Summary

The salivary microbiome shifts in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with opportunistic oral bacteria increasing as periodontal pathogens decline. This oral microbiome change occurs as cognitive impairment progresses, even without distinct inflammatory profiles.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Oral microbiome research
  • Neurodegenerative disease mechanisms
  • Salivary diagnostics

Background:

  • Growing evidence links periodontal infections to Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Saliva analysis offers insights into host-pathogen interactions relevant to brain health and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate salivary microbiome and cytokine profiles in relation to cognitive status.
  • To identify specific microbial and immunological signatures associated with Alzheimer's disease progression.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 78 age-matched participants.
  • Segmentation based on chemosensory (UPSIT) and cognitive (MMSE, CDR) scores.
  • Saliva microbiome and cytokine analysis using LDA and LRA.

Main Results:

  • Identified stage-specific salivary microbial signature changes.
  • Observed a decline in periodontal pathogens (e.g., *Filifactor villosus*) with increasing AD severity.
  • Found enrichment of opportunistic oral bacteria (e.g., *Leptotrichia wadei*) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Conclusions:

  • Salivary microbiome composition changes depend on disease stage.
  • Opportunistic oral bacteria increase while periodontal bacteria decrease as AD progresses.
  • Inflammatory profiles in saliva did not show significant changes across the studied groups.