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Detection and Isolation of Cancer in Prostate Biopsies Using Stimulated Raman Histology and Artificial Intelligence

Detection and Isolation of Cancer in Prostate Biopsies Using Stimulated Raman Histology and Artificial Intelligence

Published on: June 10, 2025

A protein corona sensor array detects breast and prostate cancers.

Luca Digiacomo¹, Kourosh Jafari-Khouzani², Sara Palchetti¹

¹Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy. giulio.caracciolo@uniroma1.it.

|August 11, 2020

Summary

Protein coronas on nanoparticles can serve as unique fingerprints for identifying breast and prostate cancers. This novel approach analyzes protein profiles to distinguish cancer patients from healthy individuals.

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Nanotechnology
Oncology

Background:

Nanoparticles (NPs) exposed to human plasma (HP) form a protein corona (PC).
Protein corona profiles offer potential as disease-specific biomarkers.
Previous work suggested PCs could be used for cancer identification.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential of protein coronas for identifying and discriminating between breast and prostate cancer patients and healthy individuals.
To evaluate the efficacy of a nanoparticle-based sensor array coupled with machine learning for cancer diagnostics.

Main Methods:

Utilized three distinct lipid nanoparticle (NP) formulations as a cross-reactive sensor array.
Employed a supervised random forest classifier to analyze protein corona profiles.
Identified differentially abundant proteins between cancer patients and healthy controls.

Main Results:

A specific set of proteins in the NP protein corona significantly differed between cancer patients and healthy subjects.
The protein corona profiles acted as a unique fingerprint for disease discrimination.
Many discriminating proteins were linked to cellular and molecular pathways of breast and prostate cancers.

Conclusions:

Protein coronas on nanoparticles show promise as a diagnostic tool for distinguishing cancer patients from healthy individuals.
This NP-PC-based approach can identify and discriminate between specific cancer types.
Further research into corona proteins could lead to novel cancer biomarkers.