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Changes in coordination and variability during running as a function of head stability demands.

Jongil Lim1, Joseph Hamill2, Michael A Busa3

  • 1Department of Counseling, Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University - San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.

Human Movement Science
|August 11, 2020
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Summary

Runners adapt their body coordination to maintain head stability. Increased demands lead to more independent head-trunk movement and altered lower limb joint coordination, especially during the stance phase.

Keywords:
CoordinationHead stabilityRunningVariabilityVector coding

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Science
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Head stability is crucial for visual perception and maintaining balance during locomotion.
  • Previous research has explored adaptations in running to various perturbations, but the specific effects of increasing head stability demands on segment/joint coordination are less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how segment/joint coordination and coordination variability change in runners as head stability requirements increase.
  • To identify specific adaptations in the head-trunk and lower extremity segments during running under varying visual feedback conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen strides from twelve recreational runners were analyzed on a treadmill.
  • Head stability demands were manipulated using real-time visual feedback, progressively reducing the allowed head-gaze orientation range.
  • Coordination patterns and variability between head-trunk segments and hip-knee-ankle joints were assessed in three planes using vector coding and circular statistics.

Main Results:

  • Increased head stability demands led to anti-phase transverse plane head-trunk coordination with more head-leading patterns.
  • Sagittal plane coordination in the lower extremity shifted towards in-phase patterns.
  • Coordination variability increased in both the upper body and lower extremities during the latter half of the stance phase.

Conclusions:

  • Running adaptations to increased head stability demands involve a more independent head-trunk relationship.
  • Lower extremity joint coordination becomes more synchronized (in-phase).
  • Increased coordination variability in the latter stance phase suggests compensatory strategies for maintaining stability, potentially reducing trunk vertical motion.