Evaluating the Abrasivity of a Nanosized Eggshell-Titanium Dioxide on Tooth Enamel Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Area of Science:

• Dental Materials Science
• Nanotechnology in Dentistry
• Biomaterials

Background:

• Toothpaste abrasivity is a critical factor influencing dental enamel wear.
• Novel abrasive agents are being explored to balance cleaning efficacy with minimal enamel damage.
• Eggshell-titanium dioxide (EB@TiO2) presents a potential new abrasive material for oral care products.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the abrasiveness of nanosized eggshell-titanium dioxide (EB@TiO2) toothpaste.
• To compare the enamel wear caused by EB@TiO2 with conventional toothpaste abrasives like calcium carbonate and hydrated silica.
• To determine the suitability of EB@TiO2 for oral hygiene applications based on its abrasive properties.

Main Methods:

• Thirty-five bovine enamel specimens were prepared and divided into five groups (n=7).
• Enamel surfaces were brushed with five different toothpaste formulations: Colgate regular, Colgate pro-relief, Sensodyne rapid relief, Sensodyne repair, and EB@TiO2.
• Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and surface morphology was analyzed via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis included pair sample t-tests and ANOVA with Bonferroni correction.

Main Results:

• All tested toothpastes demonstrated significant enamel abrasion (p < 0.05).
• Toothpastes containing calcium carbonate exhibited lower abrasiveness compared to those with hydrated silica.
• Colgate regular showed the least abrasivity, followed by EB@TiO2, while Sensodyne rapid relief caused the most significant enamel wear.

Conclusions:

• Nanosized eggshell-titanium dioxide (EB@TiO2) exhibits favorable abrasiveness, comparable to calcium carbonate-based toothpastes.
• EB@TiO2 is a promising candidate for oral hygiene products due to its low enamel wear potential.
• The findings provide valuable insights into the selection of effective and safe abrasive agents in toothpaste formulations.