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The association between diabetes and cognitive changes during aging.

Sanna Papunen1, Anna Mustakallio-Könönen1, Juha Auvinen1

  • 1Centre for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.

Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care
|August 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a significant risk factor for cognitive decline in the elderly. While pre-diabetes shows no clear link to mild cognitive impairment, T2DM consistently impacts cognitive ability in older adults.

Keywords:
Diabetescognitive functionsdeclineelderlysystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Rising global prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairments in the elderly.
  • Association between non-communicable diseases and cognitive decline.
  • Potential link between type 2 diabetes, glucose metabolism, and cognitive performance in aging populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review literature on the risk of cognitive decline in elderly individuals (65+ years) with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and pre-diabetes.
  • To determine if T2DM or pre-diabetes are associated with poorer cognitive performance.
  • To investigate if specific cognitive abilities are affected.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of original articles.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on elderly individuals (65+ years).
  • Quality control and data extraction using 12 structured questions.

Main Results:

  • 11 out of 17 studies indicated a statistically significant cognitive decline in individuals with T2DM or pre-diabetes compared to non-diabetic individuals.
  • The clarity of the association between diabetes and cognitive decline varied.
  • The type and extent of cognitive tests employed influenced study outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Insufficient evidence links pre-diabetes to mild cognitive impairment in the elderly population (65+ years).
  • Consistent evidence supports type 2 diabetes as an independent risk factor for reduced cognitive ability in the elderly.
  • Limited comparable findings prevent definitive conclusions on the effect of T2DM on distinct cognitive abilities.