[Twin pregnancy and polymalformative syndrome by Enterovirus]

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Neonatology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Congenital Enterovirus infection is infrequently documented, often associated with poor fetal outcomes.
• Prenatal diagnosis remains challenging, with limited data on affected twin pregnancies.

Observation:

• A dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy presented with one fetus showing cardiac, brain, and abdominal anomalies at 24 weeks gestation.
• Maternal serology and fetal genetic testing were negative, complicating prenatal diagnosis.

Findings:

• Postnatal Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) confirmed Enterovirus infection in both newborns.
• Both infants survived but developed severe neurological sequelae, including cerebral palsy and sensory impairments.

Implications:

• This case underscores the diagnostic difficulties of congenital Enterovirus infection during pregnancy.
• It highlights the potential for severe, long-term neurological deficits in affected infants, even with apparent fetal normality in one twin.