Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System
Published on: October 22, 2020
Worldwide prevalence of smoking in immigration: A global systematic review and meta-analysis
1Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives:
Considering that smoking is an important aspect of health in the immigrant population, the purpose of this study is therefore to pool studies that have examined smoking in the immigrant population to obtain a pooled prevalence.
Method:
This study used the PRISMA protocol. Online available articles until March 2020 in PubMed and Scopus databases were targeted. After collecting the articles, data were extracted from them. The extracted data were analyzed in Stata software and the pooled prevalence of smoking was investigated. For a detailed analysis, several subgroups were analyzed. Heterogeneity was also studied in the studies.
Result:
Of the 3585 articles that were found in the two databases, eventually, 52 articles were eligible. The prevalence of smoking is 24% with a confidence interval (CI) between 18% and 30%. For current smoking, the prevalence of smoking is 16% and for former smoking, the prevalence of smoking is 17%. In men, the prevalence of smoking is 38% and for women, the prevalence is 17%. The difference was noticeable in the prevalence of smoking on the continents. Europe has the highest prevalence of immigrant smokers (36%), followed by Asia (18%), American (18%), and Australia (12%). I2 and χ2 showed a high degree of heterogeneity.
Conclusion:
Given the known effects of smoking on different health dimensions, more attention is needed to the increasing health of the immigrant population.
Related Concept Videos
Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV
Observational Studies
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One...
Bias in Epidemiological Studies
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies
Medical History
Stimulants
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...

