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Long non-coding RNA GAS5 in human cancer
Xiaoyan Yang1,2,3, Zhizhong Xie2,3, Xiaoyong Lei2,3
1Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.
Abstract:
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute a group of >200-nucleotide ncRNA molecules. lncRNAs regulate several cell functions, such as proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. Meanwhile, lncRNAs are abnormally expressed in human malignancies, where they suppress or promote tumor growth. The present study focused on growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5), a well-known lncRNA that acts as a tumor suppressor but is suppressed in multiple types of cancer, including mammary carcinoma, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, melanoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, gliomas, osteosarcoma, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, papillary thyroid carcinoma, neuroblastoma, endometrial cancer and liver cancer. Notably, GAS5 is overexpressed in liver cancer, potentially functioning as an oncogene. In the present study, the diagnostic and therapeutic roles of GAS5 in different tumors were reviewed, with a summary of the potential clinical application of the lncRNA, which may help identify novel study directions for GAS5.
Insights
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) like GAS5 are crucial in cancer. This review explores GAS5
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Oncology
Background:
- Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of cellular functions.
- Aberrant lncRNA expression is linked to human malignancies, influencing tumor progression.
- Growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) is a lncRNA with known tumor suppressor roles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diagnostic and therapeutic roles of GAS5 in various human cancers.
- To summarize the potential clinical applications of GAS5.
- To identify novel research directions for GAS5 in oncology.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on GAS5 and cancer.
- Analysis of GAS5 expression patterns in different tumor types.
- Synthesis of current knowledge on GAS5's functions and clinical relevance.
Main Results:
- GAS5 is frequently suppressed in many cancers, acting as a tumor suppressor.
- GAS5 is overexpressed in liver cancer, potentially acting as an oncogene.
- GAS5 exhibits differential expression across a wide spectrum of malignancies.
Conclusions:
- GAS5 has significant potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in oncology.
- Further research into GAS5's dual role (suppressor/oncogene) is warranted.
- Understanding GAS5's clinical applications may advance cancer treatment strategies.
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