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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Related Experiment Video

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Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
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Biological therapy in pediatric age.

Francesca Penagini1, Lucia Cococcioni1, Elena Pozzi1

  • 1Pediatric Department, University of Milan, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, ASST FBF SACCO, via Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milan, Italy.

Pharmacological Research
|August 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Biological therapies, including TNFα blockers like infliximab and adalimumab, are effective for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Biosimilar therapies show similar safety and efficacy to originators in children with Crohn

Keywords:
AdalimumabAnti-Tnfα agentsBiosimilar biological therapyInflammatory bowel diseaseInfliximabPediatrics

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Biological therapies, particularly tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) inhibitors, have transformed pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management.
  • Infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA) are established treatments for inducing and maintaining remission in pediatric Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the indications, efficacy, and adverse events of biological therapies in pediatric IBD.
  • To discuss the role of biosimilar biological (BioS) therapies and other agents like Golimumab, Vedolizumab, and Ustekinumab.
  • To highlight the utility of therapeutic drug monitoring in managing pediatric IBD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on biological therapies in pediatric IBD.
  • Analysis of data on originator biologics and biosimil efficacy and safety.
  • Discussion of clinical trial outcomes and real-world evidence.

Main Results:

  • Biological agents, including IFX and ADA, demonstrate significant efficacy in pediatric IBD.
  • Biosimilar therapies exhibit comparable safety and efficacy profiles to originator biologics in pediatric patients.
  • High rates of clinical response and remission are observed in both biologic-naïve and switched patients.

Conclusions:

  • Biological therapies are crucial for managing pediatric IBD, offering effective remission induction and maintenance.
  • Biosimilar biologics represent a viable and safe treatment option for pediatric IBD patients.
  • Therapeutic drug monitoring may enhance the effectiveness of biological treatments in this population.