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Related Concept Videos

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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A Non-Coding Small RNA MicC Contributes to Virulence in Outer Membrane Proteins in Salmonella Enteritidis
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Small RNAs, Big Diseases.

Iwona Rzeszutek1, Aditi Singh2

  • 1Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|August 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial in human diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative conditions. Research highlights their diagnostic and therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
chromosome fragile sites (CFSs)chromosome rearrangementsdiseasesmiRNAsnoncoding RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with significant regulatory roles.
  • Thousands of human miRNAs have been identified, with many linked to disease pathogenesis.
  • Their involvement spans both common and rare human diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of miRNA research in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • To explore the diagnostic potential of miRNAs.
  • To discuss the therapeutic applications of miRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on miRNAs in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Analysis of miRNA roles in disease mechanisms.
  • Evaluation of miRNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs play critical roles in the development and progression of various cancers.
  • miRNA dysregulation is implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders.
  • Specific miRNAs show promise as biomarkers for disease diagnosis.
  • miRNAs offer potential targets for novel therapeutic interventions.

Conclusions:

  • miRNA research has advanced our understanding of complex diseases.
  • miRNAs represent a promising frontier for developing improved diagnostic tools.
  • Targeting miRNAs could lead to effective new treatments for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.