Predefined vs data-guided training prescription based on autonomic nervous system variation: A systematic review

Area of Science:

• Exercise Physiology
• Sports Science
• Autonomic Nervous System Function

Background:

• Monitoring autonomic nervous system function can personalize runner training.
• Heart rate variability (HRV) offers insights into physiological adaptations and performance improvements.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review literature comparing physiological adaptations and performance improvements.
• To compare endurance training adjusted by autonomic nervous system responses (HRV) versus predefined training.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search of PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science (July 2019).
• Inclusion criteria: running training interventions (≥3 weeks), pre/post assessment, HRV-based vs. control group, healthy runners.
• Five studies (166 participants) met criteria, with six interventions analyzed.

Main Results:

• HRV-based training significantly reduced moderate- and/or high-intensity training in four interventions.
• Five interventions showed more pronounced performance improvements (e.g., 3000m, 5000m times) with HRV-based training.
• Peak oxygen uptake improved similarly in both groups; submaximal parameters tended to improve more with HRV-based training.

Conclusions:

• Both HRV-based and predefined training enhance running performance and physiological adaptations.
• HRV-based training shows a tendency towards greater improvements in performance and submaximal parameters.
• Further research is needed due to limited and inconsistent findings.