Practical approach to vertigo: a synthesis of the emerging evidence

Vestibular presentations are common in both the acute and recurrent setting, burdening emergency departments and community clinics alike. Commonly, an unease among the emergency or general physician is felt, and historically focus has been on gaining knowledge of each potential disease rather than honing the diagnostic process. Consequently, this paper focuses on the approach itself, helping to categorise this common complaint into one of four main syndromes: the Acute Vestibular Syndrome, Recurrent Positional Vertigo, Recurrent Spontaneous Vertigo, and Imbalance. Its simplicity is aimed to minimise uncertainty and highlight clear scenarios when to refer. Together with descriptions of the clinically relevant pathophysiology, the reader should approach the vertiginous patient with a new clarity.