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Toxic shock syndrome: a review.

S W Wright¹, A T Trott

¹Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio.

Annals of Emergency Medicine

|March 1, 1988

Summary

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is a severe illness caused by Staphylococcus aureus toxins. Prompt treatment focuses on supportive care, with antibiotics crucial for preventing recurrence in specific cases.

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Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Microbiology
Toxicology

Background:

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is an acute febrile illness with distinct symptoms including hypotension, rash, and desquamation.
While historically associated with menstruating women, TSS affects men and non-menstruating women as well.
The causative agents are toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the clinical characteristics of TSS.
To describe the etiology and pathogenesis of TSS.
To detail current treatment strategies and outcomes for TSS.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical literature on TSS.
Analysis of etiological factors, specifically Staphylococcus aureus toxins.
Evaluation of therapeutic interventions, including fluid resuscitation, supportive care, and antibiotic use.

Main Results:

TSS presents with hypotension, rash, desquamation, and multisystemic involvement.
Staphylococcus aureus toxins are the primary cause of TSS.
Fluid resuscitation and supportive care are the mainstays of treatment.
Anti-staphylococcal antibiotics are key for preventing recurrence in menstrually-related and wound-related TSS.
The case fatality rate for TSS is below 3%.

Conclusions:

TSS requires prompt recognition and management with supportive care.
Antibiotic therapy plays a critical role in preventing recurrent TSS episodes.
Survivors of TSS face a risk of recurrence, highlighting the importance of targeted antibiotic use.

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