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In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
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Forming, Confining, and Observing Microtubule-Based Active Nematics
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Wrinkling Instability in 3D Active Nematics.

Tobias Strübing1, Amir Khosravanizadeh1,2, Andrej Vilfan1,3

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

Nano Letters
|August 14, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores 3D active nematics, revealing how microtubule networks contract and wrinkle, transitioning into turbulent states. Wrinkle patterns are independent of ATP concentration, offering insights into biopolymer dynamics.

Keywords:
Active nematicsinstabilitymicrotubulesmotor proteins

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Cellular Mechanics

Background:

  • Interactions between biopolymers and motor proteins drive essential biological functions and active nematic behaviors.
  • Understanding active nematics is crucial for comprehending cytoskeleton mechanics and emergent phenomena in biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the behavior of three-dimensional (3D) active nematics composed of microtubules, kinesin motors, and a depleting agent.
  • To analyze the transition from ordered microtubule networks to complex dynamic states and identify factors influencing these transformations.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental study of 3D active nematics using microtubules, kinesin motors, and a depleting agent.
  • Development of a theoretical model to describe wrinkle formation and its relation to appearance time.
  • Comparison of experimental findings with numerical simulations to validate the role of kinesin motors.

Main Results:

  • Observed evolution from a space-filling microtubule distribution to a flattened, contracted 2D ribbon.
  • Documented wrinkling instability in the ribbon, followed by a transition to a 3D active turbulent state.
  • Determined that the wrinkle wavelength is independent of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) concentration.

Conclusions:

  • Kinesin motors play a key role in cross-linking and sliding microtubules within the active nematic network.
  • The active contraction of the microtubule network and the ATP-independent wrinkle wavelength are significant findings for 3D active systems.
  • Provides a foundational understanding of complex dynamics in 3D active nematic systems.