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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry01:07

Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry

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This lesson delves into the geometry of a radical, which is influenced by the electronic structure of the molecule. The principle is similar to that of a lone pair, where the unpaired electron influences the geometry at the radical center.
Accordingly, the structure of a trivalent radical lies between the geometries of carbocations and carbanions. An sp2-hybridized carbocation is trigonal planar, while an sp3-hybridized carbanion is trigonal pyramidal. Here, the difference in geometry is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Magnetic Two-Dimensional Chromium Trihalides: A Theoretical Perspective.

D Soriano1, M I Katsnelson1, J Fernández-Rossier2,3

  • 1Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Nano Letters
|August 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two-dimensional (2D) magnets, like chromium trihalides, exhibit ferromagnetic order, enabling novel effects in heterostructures. Theoretical insights into their magnetic properties are crucial for future 2D material applications.

Keywords:
Moiŕe patternsTwo-dimensional magnetschromium trihalidesdensity functional theorymagnetic Skyrmionsspintronicsvan der Waals heterostructures

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Magnetism

Background:

  • Ferromagnetic order discovered in monolayer two-dimensional (2D) crystals.
  • 2D magnets integrated into van der Waals heterostructures reveal exotic effects.
  • Chromium trihalides (CrI3, CrBr3, CrCl3) are extensively studied magnetic 2D crystals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Provide a theoretical perspective on magnetic 2D trihalides.
  • Discuss established facts like magnetic moment origin and anisotropy.
  • Address open issues including anisotropic spin couplings and magnon gap.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical understanding of magnetic 2D trihalides.
  • Review of established and emerging phenomena in 2D magnets.
  • Discussion of recent theoretical predictions.

Main Results:

  • Established understanding of magnetic moment and anisotropy in 2D magnets.
  • Identified open questions regarding spin couplings and magnon gap.
  • Explored theoretical predictions for Moiré magnets and magnetic skyrmions.

Conclusions:

  • Theoretical insights are vital for understanding magnetic 2D trihalides.
  • Further research needed on anisotropic spin couplings and magnon gap.
  • Future prospects include novel device applications leveraging 2D magnetic materials.