Specific Buffer Effects on the Intermolecular Interactions among Protein Molecules at Physiological pH

Andrea Salis1,2,3, Luca Cappai1, Cristina Carucci1,2,3

  • 1Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, and Centro NanoBiotecnologie Sardegna (CNBS), Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.

Related Concept Videos

Protein Buffers in Blood Plasma and Cells01:20

Protein Buffers in Blood Plasma and Cells

The human body utilizes protein buffer systems to maintain a stable pH. These systems capitalize on the dual role of amino acids, which can act as acids or bases by accepting or releasing hydrogen ions in response to pH changes. Protein buffer systems are particularly significant in the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF) of active cells, where structural and functional proteins provide substantial buffering capacity.
Certain amino acids can exist in a zwitterion state at a...
3.3K
Buffer Effectiveness02:19

Buffer Effectiveness

Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH relies on the presence of appreciable amounts of its conjugate weak acid-base pair. When enough strong acid or base is added to substantially lower the concentration of either member of the buffer pair, the buffering action within the solution is compromised.
The buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added to a given volume...
54.3K
Buffer Systems in the Body01:19

Buffer Systems in the Body

Chemical buffers play a critical role in the body's regulation of pH levels. These systems contain one or more compounds that stabilize pH changes by neutralizing strong acids or bases. When pH levels drop, hydrogen ions bind to a weak base; when pH levels rise, hydrogen ions are released. This dynamic process helps maintain pH within a narrow and stable range essential for normal physiological function.
A typical buffer system in bodily fluids includes a weak acid and its corresponding...
3.3K
Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug Interactions01:23

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug Interactions

Drug interactions are a critical aspect of pharmacology and can occur when two or more drugs compete for the same binding site. This competition can result in one drug displacing another, altering the effect of the displaced drug. Drug interactions are complex processes that rely heavily on how much of the displacer drug is present and how strongly it can bind to the same sites as the displaced drug.
Displacement interactions can have varying outcomes, ranging from toxicity to virtually...
463
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Assumption with Protein Binding01:13

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Assumption with Protein Binding

Physiological models with protein binding in pharmacokinetics offer a sophisticated approach to understanding drug disposition. These models consider drug-protein interactions, enabling them to effectively predict drug concentrations in different organs and tissues. This precision aids in accurate drug dosing, providing a significant advantage over conventional models. A key process within these models is equilibration, which ensures that drug concentrations achieve a steady state within the...
154
The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength02:18

The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength

The equilibrium binding constant (Kb) quantifies the strength of a protein-ligand interaction. Kb can be calculated as follows when the reaction is at equilibrium:
14.6K