[New advances in molecular mechanisms of ventilator induced lung injury]

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a common way of respiratory support during general anesthesia and in critically ill patients. Recently people gradually realize that MV is a double-edged sword, which itself can also induce or aggravate lung injury as a damage factor, that is, ventilator induced lung injury (VILI). Current researches on the mechanisms of VILI have changed from traditional barotrauma/volutrauma/atelectasis to biotrauma. In particular, it should be noted that MV can not only cause damage to the lung, but also to the distant organs. This article reviews current researches on the molecular mechanisms of VILI, updates our understanding of them, and provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of VILI and distant organ damage.