Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma with Misleading Clinical Appearance: A Case Report of an Eyelid Lesion

BACKGROUND Sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) is a rare malignant lesion that occurs on the eyelids. It is known to mimic other benign or malignant lesions in clinical presentation, such as a chalazion, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. The histopathological diagnosis is the mainstay for diagnosis and is often challenging. CASE REPORT We describe a case of SGC in a 53-year-old woman who presented with a cauliflower-appearing lesion with pearly telangiectatic vessels and raised margins at the lower eyelid margin. Clinically, we suspected a diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma. Upon complete resection of the lesion, the final diagnosis was SGC based on the histopathological features and immunohistochemical staining characteristics of the tissue. CONCLUSIONS Due to the possibility of SGC presenting similarly to other lesions, it is essential for ophthalmologists to have a high index of suspicion in its diagnosis. The early and accurate diagnosis of such lesions is important for appropriate management to prevent metastasis or recurrence related to advanced tumors.