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Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

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Published on: October 5, 2013

Electronic phase separation in multilayer rhombohedral graphite.

Yanmeng Shi¹, Shuigang Xu², Yaping Yang^1,2

¹Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

|August 14, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Rhombohedral graphite, once difficult to study, now reveals gapped bulk electronic states and high-quality topological surface states. These surface states enable observation of the quantum Hall effect and phase transitions, even showing spontaneous gapping in thin films.

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Surface Science

Background:

Hexagonal graphite is well-studied, while less stable rhombohedral graphite remains largely unexplored.
Theoretical studies predict exotic physics in rhombohedral graphite due to interactions.
Advances in van der Waals heterostructures enable high-quality rhombohedral graphite film fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the transport properties of high-quality rhombohedral graphite films.
To explore the electronic states and potential topological phenomena in rhombohedral graphite.
To understand the conditions for gap opening in rhombohedral graphite surface states.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of high-quality rhombohedral graphite films up to 50 graphene layers thick using van der Waals heterostructure technology.
Measurement of transport properties of these rhombohedral graphite films.
Application of perpendicular electric fields to break inversion symmetry.

Main Results:

Bulk electronic states in rhombohedral graphite are found to be gapped.
Electron transport at low temperatures is dominated by high-quality topological surface states.
Observation of the quantum Hall effect and phase transitions between semimetallic and quantum spin Hall phases.
An energy gap can be opened in surface states via electric field application.
Spontaneous gap opening observed in films thinner than four nanometers, indicating electronic phase separation.

Conclusions:

Rhombohedral graphite exhibits unique electronic properties, including gapped bulk states and topological surface states.
The quantum Hall effect and topological phase transitions are observable in rhombohedral graphite.
External electric fields and film thickness significantly influence the electronic band structure, enabling gap control.
Spontaneous gap opening suggests the emergence of strongly correlated electronic surface states in thin rhombohedral graphite films.