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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.

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Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
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Pulse-to-pulse wavefront sensing at free-electron lasers using ptychography.

Simone Sala1,2, Benedikt J Daurer3,4, Michal Odstrcil5

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK.

Journal of Applied Crystallography
|August 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Characterizing ultra-short pulses from free-electron lasers is crucial. Ptychography offers a new lensless method to retrieve detailed wavefront properties of individual pulses with high resolution.

Keywords:
X-ray free-electron lasersXFELsptychographyultra-short pulseswavefronts

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and photonics
  • Laser physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Ultra-bright and ultra-short pulses from free-electron lasers (FELs) require precise characterization.
  • Existing wavefront characterization methods have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel ptychography-based method for characterizing FEL pulses.
  • To demonstrate the technique's applicability under experimental diffraction conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing ptychography for lensless imaging.
  • Employing Kirkpatrick-Baez focusing optics.
  • Retrieving complex-valued wavefunctions of individual pulses.

Main Results:

  • High-resolution complex-valued wavefunctions of individual pulses were successfully retrieved.
  • The method imposes minimal constraints on illumination and sample.
  • Diffraction-limited resolution was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The presented ptychography technique provides a powerful tool for wavefront characterization of ultra-short pulses.
  • This lensless approach is adaptable to various short-pulse instruments.
  • Enables detailed understanding of FEL pulse properties for advanced applications.