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On the lipid flip-flop and phase transition coupling.

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  • 1Institut Laue-Langevin, avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France.

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Passive lipid flip-flop of DPPC in supported bilayers is linked to fluid phase lipid content. The rate is governed by the increase in fluid phase lipids during the gel to fluid phase transition, with an activation energy of 50 kJ mol-1.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding lipid bilayer dynamics is crucial for biological membranes and biomaterials.
  • Passive lipid flip-flop, the transverse movement of lipids across a bilayer, is a fundamental process with implications for membrane function.
  • Discrepancies exist between lipid flip-flop rates in bulk systems and at interfaces, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the passive lipid flip-flop of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) in solid supported lipid bilayers.
  • To determine the relationship between lipid flip-flop and the gel to fluid (Lβ → Lα) phase transition.
  • To elucidate the factors controlling the rate and timing of lipid flip-flop at interfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Time and temperature-resolved neutron reflectometry experiments were employed.
  • Solid supported lipid bilayers of DPPC were studied across their phase transition.
  • Varying temperature scan rates were used to analyze the kinetics of lipid flip-flop.

Main Results:

  • Asymmetric supported lipid bilayers in the gel phase remained stable for at least 24 hours.
  • Lipid flip-flop was found to be directly correlated with the proportion of lipids in the fluid phase.
  • The increase in fluid phase lipid molecules during the phase transition was identified as the primary factor influencing flip-flop timing.
  • Lipid flip-flop in supported bilayers exhibited an activation energy of 50 kJ mol-1 and a timescale of a few hours.

Conclusions:

  • The rate of passive lipid flip-flop in supported bilayers is intrinsically linked to the lipid phase behavior.
  • The observed discrepancies in flip-flop rates between bulk and interface systems are explained by the influence of the phase transition and interface effects.
  • This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms governing lipid dynamics at solid-supported interfaces.