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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

991
Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
991
Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

578
Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
578
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

566
The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
566
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

206
The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:
206
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

984
Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
984
Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:29

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

323
Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
It requires a multifaceted approach, starting with a detailed physical examination to pinpoint the location and nature of the pain and identify any associated symptoms. Laboratory tests play a crucial role. A complete Blood Count (CBC) typically reveals leukocytosis (an increased number of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Establishment of a Mouse Severe Acute Pancreatitis Model using Retrograde Injection of Sodium Taurocholate into the Biliopancreatic Duct
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Viral-Attributed Acute Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review.

C Roberto Simons-Linares1, Zaid Imam2, Prabhleen Chahal3

  • 1Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. robertosimons@outlook.com.

Digestive Diseases and Sciences
|August 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Viral-attributed acute pancreatitis (VIAP) is rare but serious, especially in immunocompromised patients. This review found VIAP has a high mortality rate, exceeding that of other pancreatitis causes.

Keywords:
Acute pancreatitisPancreatitis etiologyViral pancreatitisVirus pancreatitis

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Infectious etiologies are uncommon causes of acute pancreatitis (AP).
  • Viral-attributed acute pancreatitis (VIAP) requires further investigation into its frequency and clinical characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of VIAP.
  • To describe the clinical course and features of VIAP.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review of PubMed and EMBASE (until December 31, 2019) was conducted.
  • AP diagnosis and severity were defined using the Revised Atlanta Classification.
  • Viral infections were confirmed via serology and/or histology, with VIAP diagnosis requiring concurrent AP and viral infection, temporal resolution, and exclusion of common AP etiologies.

Main Results:

  • A total of 209 VIAP cases were identified across 128 publications.
  • Viral hepatitis (A-E) was the most frequent cause (34.4%), followed by coxsackie/echoviruses (14.8%) and hemorrhagic fever viruses (12.4%).
  • 28% of patients were immunocompromised, accounting for 71.4% of the 20.1% mortality rate, which was higher than other AP etiologies.

Conclusions:

  • VIAP is a significant cause of acute pancreatitis with a high mortality rate.
  • Immunocompromised status is a critical risk factor for mortality in VIAP.
  • Further research is needed to understand and manage VIAP effectively.