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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
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The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
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Ganglionic blockers inhibit autonomic activity by blocking nicotinic receptors in the autonomic ganglia, suppressing impulse transmission. These blockers lack selectivity between sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia and are ineffective as neuromuscular junction antagonists. They can be categorized into two groups:
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Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking
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Autonomic Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease.

Ronald F Pfeiffer1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA. pfeiffro@ohsu.edu.

Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the American Society for Experimental Neurotherapeutics
|August 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parkinson's disease frequently involves nonmotor symptoms, especially autonomic dysfunction affecting multiple body systems. Early assessment and treatment of these autonomic issues are crucial for improving patient quality of life.

Keywords:
Autonomicerectile dysfunctiongastrointestinalorthostatic hypotensionthermoregulatoryurinary

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Autonomic Medicine

Background:

  • Nonmotor dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a significant component of Parkinson's disease.
  • Autonomic dysfunction is a prevalent and clinically diverse nonmotor feature in Parkinson's disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the broad spectrum of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  • To emphasize the impact of autonomic dysfunction on quality of life.
  • To advocate for regular assessment and treatment of autonomic dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical manifestations of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  • Discussion of the impact on various organ systems.

Main Results:

  • Autonomic dysfunction encompasses cardiovascular (e.g., orthostatic hypotension), gastrointestinal, urinary, sexual, and thermoregulatory abnormalities.
  • These dysfunctions significantly impair the quality of life for Parkinson's patients.

Conclusions:

  • Autonomic dysfunction is a critical, often underrecognized, aspect of Parkinson's disease.
  • Effective treatments are available, necessitating routine clinical assessment and management.