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Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Disaster Communication
  • Graphic Design

Background:

  • Digital communication and social media necessitate clear visual signals for major disasters.
  • Existing methods for signaling disasters may lack simplicity and universal understanding.
  • The need for a standardized graphic symbol for earthquakes is apparent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and test a visual sign (emoji) for indicating earthquakes.
  • To evaluate the evocativeness, simplicity, and universality of earthquake-themed emojis.
  • To inform the design of an effective earthquake emoji for digital platforms.

Main Methods:

  • Online survey administered to 264 Italian adults.
  • Evaluation of 16 distinct earthquake emojis based on evocativeness, simplicity, and universality.
  • Statistical analyses including Self-Organising Map, non-metric Multidimensional Scaling, and Linear Mixed Models.

Main Results:

  • Four distinct response profiles emerged for emoji evocativeness.
  • Emojis depicting damaged buildings were perceived as more evocative.
  • Emojis featuring fabricated structures with falling object danger were rated higher for evocativeness, simplicity, and universality.

Conclusions:

  • Visuals of damaged buildings and associated dangers enhance emoji effectiveness for earthquake events.
  • The inclusion of behavioral elements can further increase emoji evocativeness.
  • Findings provide practical guidance for creating a universally understood earthquake emoji.