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Related Concept Videos

Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs01:15

Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs

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Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Bioremediation00:46

Bioremediation

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Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
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Environmental Applications of Microorganisms01:30

Environmental Applications of Microorganisms

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Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...
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Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

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Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
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Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors
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Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors

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Solid-phase denitrification for water remediation: processes, limitations, and new aspects.

Hua Zhong1,2, Ying Cheng3, Zulfiqar Ahmad2

  • 1Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China.

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology
|August 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Solid-phase denitrification (SPD) offers an effective in situ method for water remediation, outperforming traditional aqueous methods. This review explores SPD mechanisms, limitations, and novel strategies for enhanced nitrate removal in wastewater treatment.

Keywords:
Nitrateanammoxbiodegradable polymersconcurrent contaminantsheterotrophic-autotrophic denitrificationsolid-phase denitrification

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Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
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Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

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Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors
07:59

Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors

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Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
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Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

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Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
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Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Water Remediation Technology

Background:

  • Nitrate pollution is a widespread issue in aquatic environments.
  • Solid-phase denitrification (SPD) is emerging as a promising technology for in situ water remediation.
  • SPD offers advantages over conventional aqueous-based denitrification methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review new aspects of SPD application for water remediation.
  • To present processes and mechanisms of nitrogen transformation in SPD.
  • To discuss carbon substrate transformation in SPD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on solid-phase denitrification.
  • Analysis of nitrogen transformation pathways (direct denitrification, DNRA, anammox).
  • Discussion of carbon substrate transformation processes.

Main Results:

  • Key limitations of SPD include low carbon availability, accumulation of nitrite and nitrous oxide, dissolved organic carbon release, and ammonium production.
  • Novel mitigation strategies involve biodegradable polymer substrates and heterotrophic-autotrophic denitrification (HAD).
  • Potential for simultaneous removal of nitrate and other contaminants is discussed.

Conclusions:

  • SPD is a viable technology for nitrate removal, but limitations need to be addressed for optimal performance.
  • Innovative approaches like biodegradable substrates and HAD can enhance SPD efficiency.
  • Further research into simultaneous contaminant removal can expand SPD applications in wastewater treatment and water remediation.