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Interactive Alignment and Lexical Triggering of Code-Switching in Bilingual Dialogue.

Gerrit Jan Kootstra1, Ton Dijkstra1,2, Janet G van Hell3,4

  • 1Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Psychology
|August 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Bilinguals code-switch more when conversing with someone who code-switches, especially when using similar words across languages. This suggests language alignment influences lexical triggering in bilingual speech.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Bilingualism Research
  • Sociolinguistics

Background:

  • Code-switching, the use of multiple languages in one utterance, is common in bilingual speakers.
  • Previous research identified lexical triggering (similar word forms) and interactive alignment (dialogue priming) as factors influencing code-switching.
  • These factors have largely been studied independently, necessitating research into their combined effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined influence of interactive alignment and lexical triggering on code-switching behavior in bilinguals.
  • To determine if lexical triggering is modulated by interactive alignment.
  • To explore the role of language activation in interactive alignment during code-switching.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments involving Dutch-English bilinguals describing pictures in a dialogue game.
  • Manipulation of a confederate's code-switching behavior to induce interactive alignment.
  • Inclusion of cognates, false friends, and control words to test lexical triggering.

Main Results:

  • Participants code-switched more frequently following a confederate's code-switch (interactive alignment).
  • Code-switching increased with cognates, but only when interactive alignment was present, indicating alignment drives lexical triggering.
  • False friends did not significantly increase code-switching likelihood. Experiment 2 suggested alignment occurs at the level of language activation.

Conclusions:

  • Interactive alignment significantly enhances lexical triggering in bilingual code-switching.
  • Bilingual language production is influenced by co-activation of languages at multiple processing levels, including cross-speaker and cross-language interactions.
  • Future research should integrate cross-speaker and cross-language processes to understand bilingual language production.