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Coronaviruses in the Sea.

Gideon J Mordecai1, Ian Hewson2

  • 1Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|August 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Coronaviruses are not abundant in marine environments. While some coronaviruses infect marine life, human coronaviruses likely decay rapidly in seawater, limiting their persistence in aquatic habitats.

Keywords:
Nidoviralescoronavirusdiseasevirioplanktonvirome

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Virology
  • Marine biology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic heightened interest in coronaviruses within aquatic environments.
  • Understanding coronavirus presence and survival in marine ecosystems is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the quantitative significance of coronaviruses in marine virioplankton.
  • To evaluate the potential persistence of human coronaviruses in marine habitats.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of marine virioplankton composition.
  • Assessment of viral decay rates in surface seawater.

Main Results:

  • Coronaviruses are not quantitatively significant components of marine virioplankton.
  • Members of Nidovirales infect various marine organisms.
  • Human coronaviruses may persist in plankton exposed to wastewater effluent.
  • Enveloped RNA viruses, including coronaviruses, likely undergo rapid decay in surface seawater.

Conclusions:

  • Coronaviruses are unlikely to be major constituents of marine virioplankton.
  • Environmental factors in surface seawater significantly reduce coronavirus infectivity and particle integrity.