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Updated: Dec 12, 2025

An Improved Mechanical Testing Method to Assess Bone-implant Anchorage
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Impaction technique influences implant stability in low-density bone model.

Ruben Doyle1, Richard J van Arkel1, Sarah Muirhead-Allwood2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Bone & Joint Research
|August 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Surgeons should use high mallet mass and low strike velocity for acetabular component fixation. Excessive strikes, especially in low-density bone, can cause implant loosening and strain deterioration.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Biomechanical engineering
  • Biomaterials science

Background:

  • Cementless acetabular components require press-fit fixation for initial stability.
  • Achieving initial stability can be challenging, particularly during revision surgeries.
  • The impact of surgical impaction technique on component fixation is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how impaction technique (mallet mass, velocity, number of strikes) affects bone strain and acetabular component seating in different bone densities.
  • To determine if a recommended impaction technique can minimize the risk of implant loosening while ensuring proper seating.

Main Methods:

  • A custom drop tower simulated surgical impaction of acetabular components into synthetic bone.
  • Varied strike velocity and drop mass were employed.
Keywords:
FixationImplantStability

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  • Bone strain was measured using strain gauges, stability via push-out tests, and polar gap using optical trackers.

    • Main Results:

    • Excessive strikes led to strain deterioration, particularly in low-density bone at high strike velocities.
    • Increasing strike mass and velocity reduced the polar gap.
    • A phenomenon of strain deterioration was identified with excessive strikes.

    Conclusions:

    • A combination of high mallet mass and low strike velocity provides satisfactory implant stability and polar gap, minimizing loosening risk.
    • Surgeons must exercise extreme caution to avoid over-striking, especially in low-density bone with high-velocity strikes.