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Related Experiment Videos

Two-temperature membrane filter method for enumerating fecal coliform bacteria from chlorinated effluents.

B L Green, E M Clausen, W Litsky

    Applied and Environmental Microbiology
    |June 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    A modified membrane filter (MF) technique significantly improves fecal coliform recovery from chlorinated sewage. This enhanced method offers a more accurate alternative to standard procedures for water quality monitoring.

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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental microbiology
    • Water quality assessment
    • Sanitation science

    Background:

    • Standard membrane filter (MF) techniques show limitations in recovering fecal coliform bacteria from chlorinated sewage effluents.
    • The multiple-tube (most-probable-number [MPN]) procedure is often considered more effective but is more complex.
    • Accurate enumeration of fecal coliforms is crucial for assessing the effectiveness of wastewater treatment and disinfection.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate a modified membrane filter (MF) method for improved recovery of fecal coliform bacteria.
    • To compare the efficacy of the modified MF technique against the standard MF method and the MPN procedure.
    • To determine the suitability of the modified MF method for analyzing chlorinated primary and secondary sewage effluents.

    Main Methods:

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    • A modified MF method was developed incorporating a specific preincubation schedule: 5 hours at 35°C followed by 18±1 hours at 44.5°C.
    • The modified MF technique and the standard MF technique were evaluated using both laboratory- and plant-chlorinated primary and secondary effluents.
    • Results from the MF methods were compared with those obtained using the multiple-tube (MPN) procedure.

    Main Results:

    • The modified MF method demonstrated significantly improved recovery of fecal coliforms compared to the standard MF technique.
    • Average fecal coliform recovery with the standard MF procedure was only 14% of MPN counts, while the modified technique achieved 68% of MPN counts.
    • Agreement between the modified MF method and the MPN technique was highest for samples from secondary treatment plants.

    Conclusions:

    • The modified membrane filter (MF) technique, with its adjusted incubation schedule, substantially enhances fecal coliform recovery from chlorinated sewage effluents.
    • This improved MF method provides a more reliable and valuable tool for enumerating fecal coliforms, complementing the MPN technique.
    • The findings support the adoption of the modified MF procedure for more accurate water quality monitoring in wastewater treatment.