Next-generation biological control: the need for integrating genetics and genomics

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Entomology
• Genetics
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Biological control is a successful pest management strategy.
• The Nagoya Protocol restricts import of biocontrol agents, necessitating improved efficacy of existing and new agents.
• Genetic and genomic techniques offer feasible solutions for enhancing biocontrol agent performance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current genetic and genomic methods for improving biocontrol agents.
• To provide a framework for applying these techniques in biocontrol programs.
• To guide the selection of traits, gene discovery, and implementation of genomic strategies.

Main Methods:

• Trait selection supported by agro-ecological modeling and heritability analysis.
• Genome sequencing and assembly for biocontrol agents.
• Gene discovery through quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis, transcriptomics, proteomics, and gene editing.
• Application of marker-assisted selection and genomic selection.
• Microbiome manipulation and monitoring of genetic variation.

Main Results:

• A structured framework for designing and implementing genomic strategies in biocontrol programs.
• Guidelines for selecting appropriate sequencing strategies based on organism, budget, and objectives.
• Identification of key genetic and genomic techniques for enhancing biocontrol agent efficacy.

Conclusions:

• Genetic and genomic approaches are crucial for improving biological control efficacy.
• These methods can overcome challenges posed by international trade regulations.
• Future applications of genetic and genomic methods hold significant promise for sustainable pest management.