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Related Concept Videos

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

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As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
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The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
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Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography
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Migrating Shear Bands in Shaken Granular Matter.

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Sheared granular matter forms shear bands that migrate upward due to dilatancy. This phenomenon explains the periodic inflation and collapse observed in granular materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Shearing dense granular matter often leads to strain localization in shear bands.
  • Typically, these shear bands stabilize after an initial transient phase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel setup that generates periodically migrating shear bands.
  • To elucidate the underlying physical mechanisms driving shear band migration.
  • To connect migrating shear bands to previously observed material behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a specialized experimental setup for creating periodic shear bands.
  • Utilizing x-ray radiography for in-situ observation of shear band dynamics.
  • Analysis of granular matter volume fraction changes during shearing.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of horizontally aligned shear bands migrating upward through the sample.
  • Identification of dilatancy (reduction in volume fraction) as the cause of shear band migration.
  • Correlation of migrating shear bands with periodic material inflation and collapse.

Conclusions:

  • Dilatancy in sheared granular media can induce upward migration of shear bands.
  • The observed shear band migration provides a mechanism for the cyclic volume changes in granular materials.