Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

1.0K
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
1.0K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

497
Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
497
Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

506
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
506
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

686
Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
686
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

1.1K
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
1.1K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

758
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
758

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Fundamentals of Antiseizure Medications: A Through Z.

Epilepsy currents·2024
Same author

Oral Cannabidiol for Seborrheic Dermatitis in Patients With Parkinson Disease: Randomized Clinical Trial.

JMIR dermatology·2024
Same author

The Role of Clinical Pharmacists in Patient-Centric Comprehensive Multiple Sclerosis Care.

International journal of MS care·2024
Same author

Extracellular dopamine kinetic parameters consistent with amphetamine effects.

Synapse (New York, N.Y.)·2019
Same author

Survey highlights the need to expand offerings of introductory pharmacy practice experiences in psychiatry and neurology: Benefits and example experiences.

The mental health clinician·2018
Same author

Safety and tolerability of lacosamide monotherapy in the elderly: A subgroup analysis from lacosamide trials in diabetic neuropathic pain.

Epilepsia open·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
09:57

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Published on: September 20, 2024

3.2K

Continuing Burden of Refractory Epilepsy.

Marnie T Janson1, Jacquelyn L Bainbridge2

  • 1Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, USA.

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
|August 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Refractory epilepsy affects many patients, leading to significant health issues and reduced quality of life. The novel antiseizure medication cenobamate shows promise for treating this challenging condition.

Keywords:
anxietydepressionepilepsyquality of lifeseizures

More Related Videos

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy SEEG With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
05:54

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy SEEG With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note

Published on: June 13, 2016

17.8K
Performing Behavioral Tasks in Subjects with Intracranial Electrodes
12:10

Performing Behavioral Tasks in Subjects with Intracranial Electrodes

Published on: October 2, 2014

11.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
09:57

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Published on: September 20, 2024

3.2K
Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy SEEG With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
05:54

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy SEEG With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note

Published on: June 13, 2016

17.8K
Performing Behavioral Tasks in Subjects with Intracranial Electrodes
12:10

Performing Behavioral Tasks in Subjects with Intracranial Electrodes

Published on: October 2, 2014

11.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder affecting millions worldwide.
  • A significant portion of epilepsy patients (one-third) experience uncontrolled seizures despite drug therapy, termed refractory epilepsy.
  • Refractory epilepsy is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and a diminished quality of life, including physical, social, and psychological burdens.

Discussion:

  • Uncontrolled seizures in epilepsy contribute to premature death, which is up to three times higher than in the general population.
  • Patients with refractory epilepsy often face societal stigma and personal shame, exacerbating their condition.
  • The management of drug-resistant epilepsy remains a critical clinical challenge, necessitating further therapeutic options.

Key Insights:

  • Cenobamate is a novel antiseizure medication.
  • This medication offers a potential new avenue for treating patients with refractory epilepsy.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate cenobamate's efficacy and safety profile in diverse epilepsy populations.

Outlook:

  • Investigating cenobamate's role in refractory epilepsy could lead to improved patient outcomes.
  • Exploring novel treatments is crucial for addressing the unmet needs in epilepsy management.
  • Advancements in pharmacotherapy aim to reduce seizure burden and enhance the quality of life for individuals with epilepsy.