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Generation of Transgenic Hydra by Embryo Microinjection
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Cell Sorting in Hydra vulgaris Arises from Differing Capacities for Epithelialization between Cell Types.

Taylor D Skokan1, Ronald D Vale2, Kara L McKinley1

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|August 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Hydra vulgaris cells sort based on collective behavior, not just lineage. Ectodermal cells form an epithelium to engulf others, driving tissue reassembly and wound healing.

Keywords:
Hydracell adhesioncell polaritycell sortingepitheliaregenerationself-organizationwound healing

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Hydra vulgaris can regenerate its body plan from cell aggregates.
  • Epithelial cell sorting (ectoderm and endoderm) is crucial for this process.
  • The specific cellular mechanisms driving this sorting remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cellular features and behaviors that drive ectoderm and endoderm sorting in Hydra.
  • To determine if intrinsic lineage differences or collective behaviors dictate cell positioning.
  • To understand the role of epithelialization in tissue self-organization and repair.

Main Methods:

  • Micromanipulation to position single cells on multicellular aggregates.
  • Live imaging to monitor cell sorting and behaviors.
  • Analysis of collective cell spreading and epithelialization dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Single cells of all lineages, including ectodermal cells, sort to the interior of ectodermal aggregates.
  • Ectodermal cell collectives form an epithelium via spreading to engulf interior cells.
  • Endodermal aggregates lose epithelial features, becoming engulfed passengers.

Conclusions:

  • Cell sorting in Hydra is driven by collective behaviors, particularly the propensity for epithelialization, rather than solely intrinsic lineage properties.
  • Ectodermal collective spreading and endodermal de-epithelialization are key mechanisms for tissue compartmentalization.
  • These mechanisms are conserved in Hydra's wound healing, suggesting a unified process for tissue construction and repair.