Face-Specific Perceptual Distortions Reveal A View- and Orientation-Independent Face Template

The spatial coordinate system in which a stimulus representation is embedded is known as its reference frame. Every visual representation has a reference frame [1], and the visual system uses a variety of reference frames to efficiently code visual information [e.g., 1-5]. The representation of faces in early stages of visual processing depends on retino-centered reference frames, but little is known about the reference frames that code the high-level representations used to make judgements about faces. Here, we focus on a rare and striking disorder of face perception-hemi-prosopometamorphopsia (hemi-PMO)-to investigate these reference frames. After a left splenium lesion, Patient A.D. perceives features on the right side of faces as if they had melted. The same features were distorted when faces were presented in either visual field, at different in-depth rotations, and at different picture-plane orientations including upside-down. A.D.'s results indicate faces are aligned to a view- and orientation-independent face template encoded in a face-centered reference frame, that these face-centered representations are present in both the left and right hemisphere, and that the representations of the left and right halves of a face are dissociable.