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Goat γδ T cells.

Alehegne Yirsaw1, Cynthia L Baldwin1

  • 1Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Integrated Sciences Building, 661 N. Pleasant St, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.

Developmental and Comparative Immunology
|August 16, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Goat γδ T cells are crucial for immunity, producing key cytokines and residing in various tissues. Their function is altered by infections like Brucella melitensis and CAEV, impacting goat health and productivity.

Keywords:
GoatImmunityInfectious diseasesT cellsT lymphocytesγδ T cells

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Immunology
  • Infectious Disease Research
  • Animal Health

Background:

  • Goats are vital food animals globally, but infectious diseases significantly impact their productivity, leading to economic losses and trade restrictions.
  • Gamma delta (γδ) T cells play critical roles in mammalian immune responses, making their study in goats essential for understanding caprine health.
  • Understanding γδ T cell functions in goats is crucial for addressing disease challenges that affect food security and international trade.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the current knowledge on the functions, tissue distribution, and immune responses of caprine γδ T cells.
  • To consolidate information on how caprine γδ T cells respond to specific infectious agents and vaccination in goats.
  • To identify gaps in knowledge regarding the role of γδ T cells in goat immunity against various pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating caprine γδ T cells.
  • Analysis of data on γδ T cell distribution in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues.
  • Compilation of findings on γδ T cell cytokine production (e.g., interferon-γ, IL-17) in response to infections.

Main Results:

  • Caprine γδ T cells are found in significant numbers in blood mononuclear cells and various tissues, producing interferon-γ and IL-17.
  • Their distribution and functional responses are altered during infections with specific pathogens such as Brucella melitensis, Fasciola hepatica, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, CAEV, and Schistosoma bovis.
  • Limited or unknown roles were observed for caprine γδ T cells in infections with M. caprae, Ehrlichia ruminantium, Haemonchus contortus, and PPR virus.

Conclusions:

  • Caprine γδ T cells are important immune players with distinct functions and tissue presence, influenced by specific infections.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of γδ T cells in goat immunity against a broader range of pathogens.
  • Understanding these immune responses can contribute to improved disease management strategies in goats.