Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

4.4K
The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
4.4K
Meiosis II02:02

Meiosis II

48.7K
Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
48.7K
Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

41.2K
The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
41.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CRB1-Associated Inherited Retinal Dystrophies: Prospective Natural History Study With 4 Years of Follow-Up.

Clinical & experimental ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Delayed molecular aging, preservation of energy metabolism and enhanced exercise response in exercise-trained human muscle.

Nature aging·2026
Same author

Targeting inflammatory and angiogenic responses by small-molecule kinase inhibitors in a 3D macrophage-containing spheroid model of rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue.

Arthritis research & therapy·2026
Same author

Cascade Skip-Connection BiLSTM Autoencoder for CPR Artifact Removal Prior to AED Shock Advisory.

IEEE open journal of the Computer Society·2026
Same author

Astrocytes exploit a neutrophil extracellular trap - like mechanism for myelin management: A new perspective on myelin-related disorders.

Brain, behavior, and immunity·2026
Same author

Clinical, histologic, and molecular associations of early and late recurrence after thoracoscopic ablation for atrial fibrillation.

Heart rhythm·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
10:38

Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters

Published on: September 27, 2012

22.9K

Core-clock genes Period 1 and 2 regulate visual cascade and cell cycle components during mouse eye development.

Udita Bagchi1, Shumet T Gegnaw1, Nemanja Milićević1

  • 1Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Gene Regulatory Mechanisms
|August 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The circadian clock genes Period 1 and Period 2 are crucial for normal mouse retina development. Disrupting these genes affects cone opsin levels and alters gene expression related to vision and cell cycles.

Keywords:
Circadian clockDifferentiationEyePhotoreceptorTranscriptomics

More Related Videos

Circadian Entrainment of Drosophila Melanogaster
07:12

Circadian Entrainment of Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: June 3, 2020

4.7K
In Vitro Bioluminescence Assay to Characterize Circadian Rhythm in Mammary Epithelial Cells
11:56

In Vitro Bioluminescence Assay to Characterize Circadian Rhythm in Mammary Epithelial Cells

Published on: September 28, 2017

10.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
10:38

Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters

Published on: September 27, 2012

22.9K
Circadian Entrainment of Drosophila Melanogaster
07:12

Circadian Entrainment of Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: June 3, 2020

4.7K
In Vitro Bioluminescence Assay to Characterize Circadian Rhythm in Mammary Epithelial Cells
11:56

In Vitro Bioluminescence Assay to Characterize Circadian Rhythm in Mammary Epithelial Cells

Published on: September 28, 2017

10.2K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • The Period 1 (Per1) and Period 2 (Per2) genes are key components of the mammalian circadian clock.
  • Disruptions in circadian rhythms are linked to various physiological abnormalities.
  • The role of Per1 and Per2 in ocular development is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Per1 and Per2 regulate retina development.
  • To identify gene expression changes in the retinas of Per1/Per2 double-mutant mice during development.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of genome-wide gene expression using RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq).
  • Analysis of retinas from wild-type (WT) and Per1-/-Per2Brdm1 mutant mice at different developmental stages (embryonic day 15, embryonic day 18, and postnatal day 3).
  • Functional annotation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs).

Main Results:

  • Per1-/-Per2Brdm1 mutant retinas show abnormal blue-cone distribution and reduced cone opsin levels.
  • Significant differences in gene expression between WT and mutant retinas increase with developmental age.
  • Early developmental stages (E15, E18) show altered circadian rhythm signaling pathways.
  • Later developmental stage (P3) reveals changes in the visual cascade (upregulated) and cell cycle pathways (downregulated) in mutant retinas.

Conclusions:

  • Per1 and Per2 play critical roles in mouse retina development.
  • Circadian clock genes influence key developmental pathways including phototransduction and cell cycle regulation in the eye.
  • These findings provide novel insights into the interplay between circadian rhythms and eye development.