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Greener neighbourhoods, better memory? A longitudinal study.

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Urban tree canopy, not open grass, may improve memory. More trees linked to better subjective memory and fewer complaints, but socioeconomic factors play a role in memory outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Psychology
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cognitive decline is a growing public health concern.
  • Urban green space is increasingly recognized for its potential health benefits.
  • The specific impact of different green space types on cognitive health requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between urban green space type and subjective memory.
  • To investigate the relationship between green space composition (tree canopy vs. open grass) and memory complaints and self-rated memory.
  • To explore the role of socioeconomic factors in these associations.

Main Methods:

  • Latent class analysis and multilevel modeling were used.
  • Data from 45,644 participants in the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study were analyzed.
  • Green space composition within 1.6 km of participants' residences was assessed.

Main Results:

  • A higher proportion of tree canopy relative to open grass was associated with better odds of subjective memory and self-rated excellent memory.
  • Higher quantities of open grass relative to tree canopy did not show similar protective effects.
  • Socioeconomic factors were found to mediate the relationship between green space and memory outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The composition of urban green space, specifically the presence of tree canopy, may be more beneficial for subjective memory than open grass.
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering green space quality and type in urban planning for cognitive health.
  • Socioeconomic status is a critical factor influencing the benefits of green space on memory.