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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

1.5K
Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
1.5K
Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction01:22

Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction

2.2K
The radical dimerization of ketones or aldehydes gives vicinal diols through a pinacol coupling reaction. However, the behavior of titanium metals used for the reaction as a source of electrons is unusual. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of titanium, diols can be isolated at low temperatures. Else titanium further reacts with diols, forming alkenes through the McMurry reaction.
2.2K
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

29.8K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
29.8K
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

23.3K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
23.3K
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

28.9K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
28.9K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.7K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.7K

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Transition metal-like carbocatalyst.

Zhicheng Luo1, Renfeng Nie2, Vy T Nguyen3

  • 1U.S. DOE Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.

Nature Communications
|August 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metal-free nitrogen-assembly carbons (NACs) efficiently cleave strong chemical bonds, offering high selectivity for transforming oxygenates and other unsaturated compounds without metal catalysts.

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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Cleaving strong chemical bonds (H-H, C-O, C-H) is crucial for chemical and fuel production.
  • Transition metal catalysts often lack selectivity in hydrotreatment reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a metal-free catalytic system for efficient and selective bond cleavage.
  • To investigate the catalytic activity of nitrogen-assembly carbons (NACs) for various chemical transformations.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of nitrogen-assembly carbons (NACs) using diamine precursors.
  • Testing NACs in hydrogenolysis of aryl ethers and other hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions.
  • Mechanistic and computational studies to understand active sites and reaction pathways.

Main Results:

  • NACs with graphitic nitrogen active sites achieved efficient dihydrogen dissociation and oxygenate transformation.
  • High selectivity for alkylarene production in aryl ether hydrogenolysis without arene over-hydrogenation.
  • Demonstrated versatility in dehydrogenation and hydrogenation of various unsaturated functionalities.

Conclusions:

  • Nitrogen-assembly sites in NACs are effective for cleaving strong bonds, offering a metal-free alternative.
  • The cooperating graphitic nitrogen dopants are key to catalytic activity.
  • This discovery enables rational design of novel metal-free catalysts for challenging reactions.