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Related Concept Videos

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

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Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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In size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as molecular-exclusion or gel-permeation chromatography, molecules are separated based on their sizes. This technique is important for separating large molecules such as polymers and biomolecules. The two classes of micron-sized stationary phases encountered in SEC are silica particles and cross-linked polymer resin beads. Both materials are porous, but their pore sizes vary significantly.
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Electrophoresis: Overview01:20

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Electrophoresis is a powerful analytical separation technique that relies on the differential migration of charged species when subjected to an electric field. The core strength of electrophoresis lies in its ability to separate high-molecular-weight species in complex mixtures. It has found widespread use in biochemistry, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry, allowing the separation of compounds like amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, and proteins with excellent resolution.
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Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
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High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
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Chiral Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography.

Sandra Salido-Fortuna1, María Castro-Puyana2, María Luisa Marina2

  • 1Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química. Universidad de Alcalá. Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|August 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This review explores chiral Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography (MEKC) for enantiomeric separations. It details strategies, additives, and techniques like preconcentration and Mass Spectrometry coupling for advanced chiral analysis.

Keywords:
Chiral separation strategiesEnantiomeric separationsFundamentalsMicellar Electrokinetic Chromatographyanalytical applications

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Chiral separations are crucial in pharmaceuticals and chemical industries.
  • Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography (MEKC) offers a versatile platform for chiral separations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the principles and strategies of chiral separations using MEKC.
  • To discuss various approaches including chiral micelles, selectors, additives, and indirect methods.
  • To cover preconcentration techniques and Mass Spectrometry coupling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing chiral micellar systems, alone or in combination with chiral selectors.
  • Employing mixtures of achiral micelles with chiral selectors.
  • Investigating the impact of additives on separation efficiency.
  • Considering indirect methods via chiral derivatization.
  • Exploring preconcentration and Mass Spectrometry coupling strategies.

Main Results:

  • Various MEKC strategies effectively achieve enantiomeric separations.
  • Additives and specific micellar systems significantly influence separation outcomes.
  • Indirect methods and preconcentration enhance sensitivity and applicability.
  • Coupling with Mass Spectrometry broadens analytical capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Chiral MEKC is a powerful technique for enantiomeric separations.
  • Optimization of micellar systems, selectors, and additives is key to successful chiral analysis.
  • Advanced techniques like preconcentration and MS coupling expand the scope of chiral MEKC applications.