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Swine influenza virus: Current status and challenge
1Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
Virus Research
|August 18, 2020
Summary
Swine influenza virus remains a significant economic threat to the swine industry despite widespread vaccination. Its genetic diversity challenges vaccine development and disease control efforts.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Swine influenza virus (SIV) has been endemic in global swine populations since its 1930 isolation.
- Despite extensive use of SIV vaccines, efficient disease control remains elusive, posing economic challenges to the swine industry.
- The virus's ability to cross the species barrier poses a pandemic risk, as exemplified by the 2009 human influenza pandemic.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current status of swine influenza virus.
- To discuss the challenges associated with controlling SIV globally.
- To highlight the implications of SIV diversity for vaccine efficacy and disease management.
Main Methods:
- This review synthesizes information from existing literature on swine influenza virus.
- It analyzes epidemiological data on SIV subtypes and genotypes.
- The discussion focuses on the impact of viral diversity on control strategies and public health.
Main Results:
- Swine influenza virus exhibits high genetic diversity and varied geographic distribution of subtypes and genotypes.
- Existing vaccines face challenges in providing broad protection against circulating SIV strains.
- The continuous evolution and interspecies transmission of SIV present ongoing control and public health concerns.
Conclusions:
- Effective control of swine influenza requires addressing the challenge of viral diversity.
- Development of broadly protective vaccines is crucial for managing SIV in swine.
- Vigilance is necessary due to the zoonotic potential of swine influenza virus and its pandemic risk.
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