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Copper concentration in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mohammad Sarmadi1, Zeinab Bidel2, Fereshteh Najafi3

  • 1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
|August 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study found higher copper levels in multiple sclerosis patients compared to healthy individuals. Further research is needed to confirm if copper concentration causes multiple sclerosis.

Keywords:
Cerebrospinal fluidCopperMeta-analysisMultiple sclerosisPlasmaSerum

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) etiology involves genetic and environmental factors, but trace element roles are unclear.
  • Copper's specific involvement in MS pathogenesis requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze existing evidence on the association between copper concentration and multiple sclerosis.
  • To determine if copper levels differ between MS patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science for observational studies up to July 2020.
  • Analyzed copper levels in serum, plasma, whole blood, and cerebrospinal fluid using standardized mean differences (SMD) and a fixed-effect model.

Main Results:

  • Included 20 studies with 797 MS cases and 875 controls.
  • Found significantly higher copper concentrations in MS patients across plasma (SMD=1.25), whole blood (SMD=0.45), blood serum (SMD=0.19), and cerebrospinal fluid (SMD=1.23).

Conclusions:

  • Multiple sclerosis patients exhibit elevated copper concentrations compared to healthy individuals.
  • The potential causal relationship between copper and MS necessitates prospective studies for confirmation.