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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
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Malignancies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Thomas Greuter1,2, Stephan Vavricka3,4, Alexander O König5

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, thomas.greuter@usz.ch.

Digestion
|August 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients face increased cancer risks from chronic inflammation and certain medications. However, improved treatments and surveillance are reducing cancer rates in IBD, highlighting the importance of managing inflammation and regular screenings.

Keywords:
Anti-TNFCancerImmunosuppressionInflammatory bowel diseaseMalignancy

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Oncology
  • Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
  • Cancer Epidemiology

Background:

  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gut inflammation disorder.
  • A strong association between IBD and various cancers is well-established.
  • IBD patients are at higher risk for both intestinal and extraintestinal malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on cancer risk in IBD patients.
  • To explore risk and protective factors for cancer development in IBD.
  • To summarize inflammation- and immunosuppression-related cancers in the context of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies and meta-analyses on IBD and cancer.
  • Analysis of mechanisms linking IBD inflammation and drug therapies to cancer.
  • Examination of trends in IBD-related cancer incidence and prevalence.

Main Results:

  • IBD-related inflammation drives tumor initiation and progression, increasing risks for colorectal, small bowel, anal, and other cancers.
  • Immunosuppressive drugs like azathioprine and anti-TNF agents are linked to certain cancers, including lymphomas and skin cancers.
  • Recent data suggest a decrease in IBD-associated cancer rates due to better management and surveillance.

Conclusions:

  • Despite decreasing trends, IBD patients remain at elevated cancer risk due to inflammation and drug side effects.
  • Controlling intestinal inflammation and utilizing screening strategies are key for cancer prevention in IBD.
  • Patient education on cancer risks associated with IBD and its treatments is crucial.